Pinky Buffie The Body

ES2: Metropolis and Colonies



A Senegalese soldier

II. DOMINATION THAT TAKES DIFFERENT FORMS

colonial expansion of 19 th and 20 the culmination of centuries of European domination over much of the world. Colonization is then justified by the time the alleged superiority of the white race and Western civilization.

With this good conscience, and despite the resistance encountered, the Europeans colonized the knot with unequal relations both politically and economically, socially and culturally.

A. The various statutes

Conquests are often brutal; Europeans use their technical superiority (weapons) and offset their numerical disadvantage in recruiting locally indigenous troops. This violence is also a way for cities to maintain their authority, even after the phase of colonization.

Doc 5 p 93 "repression in Indochina

Doc 3 P 83 "Conquest of Namibia by the Germans"

As the European presence in the colonies, it may take various forms.

Some jurisdictions are settlements (strong European presence compared to other colonies): Algeria, populated by French, but also Italians, Spaniards (one million pieds noirs in Algeria ). But most colonies are small operating presence of French is sufficient to administer.

Doc 1 p 90 "The French administration"

There are also known as the colony of exploitation, directly administered by the metropolis, while retain their protectorates administrative autonomy (in principle ...) and Sovereign (Morocco, Tunisia and Indochina). In reality, the difference between the two statutes is minimal.

Older settlements Columbia (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Union of South Africa ...) have the status Dominion, which allows them to govern themselves while recognizing British sovereignty

Another question posed by the settlement: assimilate or associate.

assimilation aims to make the colonized citizens who have adopted the values and way of life in Europe, while the association recognizes the particularities of the subject peoples and seeks to involve them management of the colony.

If for a time, the French wanted pursue a policy of assimilation, access to citizenship was rare and few colonized agreed to lose their identity, their traditions. It is therefore a policy of association more or less thrust which was so often applied. The colony is then administered by a governor representing the city and officials, while the daily tasks of management are delegated to local traditional authorities.

The status of the native population is colonized subjects, not citizens. This policy of association is especially at work in India, jewel of the British Empire.