Talla Baja Pectus Excavatum

Course for First ES2 and L2

Gandhi and Nehru (source Herodotus)

III. DOMINATION THREATENED

A. resistors are organized in colonies

Many revolts early (even before the partition of Africa) attest to the refusal of local people to submit and accept the Western-style modernization, too fast, breaking with the traditions.

Furthermore, with the formation of elites, are spreading in Asia, the translations of the Social Contract of Rousseau and Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, and therefore also the ideal of human rights. Many of these elites Communism also discovered during their studies. They denounce the inequalities and therefore claim a share of political power.

These revolts were diverse in nature: They can be violent as in Indochina in 1930 when the Indochinese Communist Party founded by Ho Chi Minh ( take a short biography ) advocates independence. They could also be non-violent as Gandhi in India ( achieve a short biography ) from 1919. In 1931, he said "There was a time when I was proud to be, and be called a British subject. I stopped for several years to consider myself as such. I would rather be called rebellious subject. "

Each time, all these events are very severely punished.

But it's the end of the First World War who will play a key role in the nationalist awakening. Indeed, between 1914 and 1918, the colonies were heavily punctured:

• in men to fight (eg Senegalese riflemen) or to replace the workforce in France. The colonial troops fought on the French front = 300 000 men with 1 / 3 of deaths.
• In raw materials (rubber, iron ...) colonies, as the metropolis contributed to the war effort.
• In financing

After the war, the spokespersons of independence movements hope the recognition of cities for their participation in the war effort. They claim the "blood tax paid."

The "Fourteen Points" of President Wilson proclaimed the right of peoples to self determination and highlight the contradictions Europe because Europe has discredited in s 'entredéchirant: Where values are now claiming that the "superiority of the white man"?

Needless to say, these calls have little echo in France.